Icacinaceae are well represented in the modern tropical flora of East Asia,but this family has no confirmed macrofossils from this region.Most of the unambiguous fossils(e.g.,endocarps)are from the Paleogene of North America and Europe,where the family is no longer present.Here we report a fossil endocarp of the liana genus lodes from the Oligocene Wenshan flora,southwestern China.The fossil is relatively large(ca.20 mm length,11 mm width)and documents a vascular bundle inside the endocarp wall,a pattern of ridges enclosing few areoles,and an asymmetrical apex and rounded base.On the basis of these characteristics,we described a new species,lodes elliptica,which represents the first Icacinaceae fruit fossil record from Asia.This fossil,consistent with recent reports of lodes pollen from the Eocene of Hainan,indicates a long-standing presence of the genus in SE Asia,dating back to the Paleogene.Based on the climatic data of modern lodes,and other fossil occurrences from Wenshan,we hypothesize that the climate in the region was subtropical during the Oligocene,supporting a rainforest,with an overall mixed regional flora of subtropical and tropical elements.

Cédric Del Rio;Jian Huang;Gregory W.Stull;Rémi Allemand;Zhe-Kun Zhou;Tao Su

CAS Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology,Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Mengla 666303,Yunnan,China;Center of Plant Ecology,Core Botanical Gardens,Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Mengla 666303,Yunnan,China;Germplasm Bank of Wild Species,Kunming Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming 650201,China;Department of Botany,Smithsonian Institution,Washington,DC,20013,USA;Department of Anthropology,University of Toronto Scarborough,Toronto M5H 2N2,Canada;Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia,Kunming Institute of Botany,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Kunming 650204,China

植物分类学报

[1]Cédric Del Rio;Jian Huang;Gregory W.Stull;Rémi Allemand;Zhe-Kun Zhou;Tao Su-.First macrofossil record of Icacinaceae in East Asia(early Oligocene,Wenshan Basin)and its ecological implications)[J].植物分类学报,2022(02):445-455

macrofossil,Icacinaceae,Wenshan,macrofossils,endocarps,endocarp,liana,lodes,areoles

First,record,East,Asia,early,Oligocene,Basin,its,ecological,implications,well,represented,modern,flora,but,this,family,has,no,confirmed,from,Most,unambiguous,Paleogene,North,America,Europe,where,longer,Here,genus,southwestern,China,relatively,large,length,width,documents,vascular,bundle,inside,wall,pattern,ridges,enclosing,few,asymmetrical,apex,rounded,base,On,basis,these,characteristics,described,new,species,elliptica,which,represents,first,fruit,This,consistent,recent,reports,pollen,Eocene,Hainan,indicates,standing,presence,SE,dating,back,Based,climatic,data,other,occurrences,hypothesize,that,climate,was,subtropical,during,supporting,rainforest,overall,mixed,regional,elements

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