β-Glucan exhibits various beneficial biological activities including immunostimulation.This polysaccha-ride is present in the cell wall of microorganisms including the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae.Although vegetative yeast cells are used as dietary supplements,β-glucan in the vegetative cell wall is covered with mannan.During nutrient starvation,yeast cells differentiate into dormant cell spores.β-Glucan is also present in the spore wall,but spores have been poorly studied as application tools.The spore wall consists of four layers and β-glucan forms the third layer from the outside.However,unlike vegeta-tive cells,the β-glucan layer can be exposed to the cell surface in spores by genetic manipulation.For example,chs3Δ mutant spores exhibit such a spore wall configuration.Dectin-1 is the primary receptor for β-glucan in mammals and,its activation induces phagocytosis and proinflammatory cytokine secre-tions.We found that chs3Δ spores are phagocytosed in mammalian cells in a manner dependent on dectin-1 and induce higher levels of TNF-α and IL-6 than vegetative cells.Our results demonstrate that chs3Δ spores are β-glucan particles with immunostimulatory activities.Thus,they would be attractive materials for application in the food industry.

Guoyu Liu;Yan Yang;Hiroyuki Tachikawa;Xiao-Dong Gao;Hideki Nakanishi

Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology,Ministry of Education,School of Biotechnology,Jiangnan University,Wuxi 214122,China;Department of Applied Biological Chemistry,Graduate School of Agricultural and Life Sciences,University of Tokyo,Tokyo 113-8657,Japan;Collaborative Research Institute for Innovative Microbiology,University of Tokyo,Tokyo 113-8657,Japan

颗粒学报（英文版）

[1]Guoyu Liu;Yan Yang;Hiroyuki Tachikawa;Xiao-Dong Gao;Hideki Nakanishi-.Application of yeast spores as β-glucan particles)[J].颗粒学报（英文版）,2022(12):34-40

immunostimulation,chs3,phagocytosed,dectin

Application,yeast,spores,glucan,particles,Glucan,exhibits,various,beneficial,biological,activities,including,This,polysaccha,ride,present,wall,microorganisms,Saccharomyces,cerevisiae,Although,vegetative,cells,are,used,dietary,supplements,covered,mannan,During,nutrient,starvation,differentiate,into,dormant,also,but,have,been,poorly,studied,application,tools,consists,four,layers,forms,third,from,outside,However,unlike,exposed,surface,by,genetic,manipulation,For,example,mutant,such,configuration,Dectin,primary,receptor,mammals,activation,induces,phagocytosis,proinflammatory,cytokine,secre,tions,We,found,that,mammalian,manner,dependent,higher,levels,than,Our,results,demonstrate,immunostimulatory,Thus,they,would,attractive,materials,food,industry

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