Nutritional mutualism between insects and symbiotic bacteria is widespread.The various sap-feeding whitefly species within the Bemisia tabaci complex associate with the same obligate symbiont(Portiera)and multiple secondary symbionts.It is of-ten assumed that some of the symbionts residing in the whiteflies play crucial roles in the nutritional physiology of their insect hosts.Although effort has been made to under-stand the functions of the whitefly symbionts,the metabolic complementarity offered by these symbionts to the hosts is not yet well understood.We examined two secondary sym-bionts,Arsenophonus and Wolbachia,in two species of the B.tabaci whitefly complex,provisionally named as Asia Ⅱ 3 and China 1.Genomic sequence analyses revealed that Arsenophonus and Wolbachia retained genes responsible for the biosynthesis of B vita-mins.We then conducted transcriptomic surveys of the bacteriomes in these two species of whiteflies together with that in another species named MED of this whitefly complex previously reported.The analyses indicated that several key genes in B vitamin syntheses from the three whitefly species were identical.Our findings suggest that,similar to another secondary symbiont Hamiltonella,Arsenophonus and Wolbachia function in the nutrient provision of host whiteflies.Although phylogenetically distant species of symbionts are associated with their respective hosts,they have evolved and retained similar functions in biosynthesis of some B vitamins.Such metabolic complementarity between whiteflies and symbionts represents an important feature of their coevolution.

Dan-Tong Zhu;Qiong Rao;Chi Zou;Fei-Xue Ban;Juan-Juan Zhao;Shu-Sheng Liu

Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Molecular Biology of Crop Pathogens and Insects,Institute of Insect Sciences,Zhejiang University,Hangzhou,310029,China;School of Agriculture and Food Science,Zhejiang Agriculture and Forestry University,Lin'an,Hangzhou,311300,China

中国昆虫科学（英文版）

[1]Dan-Tong Zhu;Qiong Rao;Chi Zou;Fei-Xue Ban;Juan-Juan Zhao;Shu-Sheng Liu-.Genomic and transcriptomic analyses reveal metabolic complementarity between whiteflies and their symbionts)[J].中国昆虫科学（英文版）,2022(02):539-549

whiteflies,whitefly,symbiont,Portiera,bionts,Arsenophonus,provisionally,vita,bacteriomes,Hamiltonella

Genomic,transcriptomic,analyses,metabolic,complementarity,between,their,symbionts,Nutritional,mutualism,insects,symbiotic,bacteria,widespread,various,sap,feeding,species,within,Bemisia,tabaci,complex,same,obligate,multiple,secondary,It,ten,assumed,that,some,residing,play,crucial,roles,nutritional,physiology,hosts,Although,effort,has,been,made,stand,functions,offered,by,yet,well,understood,We,examined,two,Wolbachia,named,Asia,China,sequence,revealed,retained,genes,responsible,biosynthesis,then,conducted,surveys,together,another,MED,this,previously,reported,indicated,several,key,syntheses,from,three,were,identical,Our,findings,suggest,similar,nutrient,phylogenetically,distant,are,associated,respective,they,have,evolved,vitamins,Such,represents,important,feature,coevolution

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