Hibiscus hamabo is a semi-mangrove species with strong tolerance to salt and waterlogging stress.However,the molecular basis and mechanisms that underlie this strong adaptability to harsh environments remain poorly understood.Here,we assembled a high-quality,chromosome-level genome of this semi-mangrove plant and analyzed its transcriptome under different stress treatments to reveal regulatory responses and mechanisms.Our analyses suggested that H.hamabo has undergone two recent successive polyploidy events,a whole-genome duplication followed by a whole-genome triplication,resulting in an unusually large gene number(107 309 genes).Comparison of the H.hamabo genome with that of its close relative Hibiscus cannabinus,which has not experienced a recent WGT,indicated that genes associated with high stress resistance have been preferentially preserved in the H.hamabo genome,suggesting an underlying association between polyploidy and stronger stress resistance.Transcriptomic data indicated that genes in the roots and leaves responded differently to stress.In roots,genes that regulate ion channels involved in biosynthetic and metabolic processes responded quickly to adjust the ion concentration and provide metabolic products to protect root cells,whereas no such rapid response was observed from genes in leaves.Using co-expression networks,potential stress resistance genes were identified for use in future functional investigations.The genome sequence,along with several transcriptome datasets,provide insights into genome evolution and the mechanism of salt and waterlogging tolerance in H.hamabo,suggesting the importance of polyploidization for environmental adaptation.

Zhiquan Wang;Jia-Yu Xue;Shuai-Ya Hu;Fengjiao Zhang;Ranran Yu;Dijun Chen;Yves Van de Peer;Jiafu Jiang;Aiping Song;Longjie Ni;Jianfeng Hua;Zhiguo Lu;Chaoguang Yu;Yunlong Yin;Chunsun Gu

Institute of Botany,Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences,Nanjing,210014,China;College of Horticulture,Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China;State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology,School of Life Sciences,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210023,China;Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics,Ghent University,VIB-UGent Center for Plant Systems Biology,B-9052 Ghent,Belgium;Department of Biochemistry,Genetics and Microbiology,University of Pretoria,Pretoria 0028,South Africa;College of Horticulture,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,China;College of Forest Sciences,Nanjing Forestry University,Nanjing,210037,China;Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources,Jiangsu Utilization of Agricultural Germplasm,Nanjing,210014,China

园艺研究（英文）

[1]Zhiquan Wang;Jia-Yu Xue;Shuai-Ya Hu;Fengjiao Zhang;Ranran Yu;Dijun Chen;Yves Van de Peer;Jiafu Jiang;Aiping Song;Longjie Ni;Jianfeng Hua;Zhiguo Lu;Chaoguang Yu;Yunlong Yin;Chunsun Gu-.The genome of Hibiscus hamabo reveals its adaptation to saline and waterlogged habitat)[J].园艺研究（英文）,2022(05):198-211

waterlogged,waterlogging,cannabinus,WGT

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