Quantum statistics plays a fundamental role in the laws of nature.Haldane fractional exclusion statistics(FES)generalizes the Pauli exclusion statistics,and can emerge in the properties of elementary particles and hole excitations of a quantum system consisting of conventional bosons or fermions.FES has a long history of intensive studies,but its simple realization in interacting physical systems is rare.Here we report a simple non-mutual FES that depicts the particle-hole symmetry breaking in interacting Bose gases at a quantum critical point.We show that the FES distribution directly comes from particle-hole symmetry breaking.Based on exact solutions,quantum Monte Carlo simulations and experiments,we find that,over a wide range of interaction strengths,the macroscopic physical properties of these gases are determined by non-interacting quasi-particles that obey non-mutual FES of the same form in one and two dimensions.Whereas strongly interacting Bose gases reach full fermionization in one dimension,they exhibit incomplete fermionization in two dimensions.Our results provide a generic connection between interaction-induced particle-hole symmetry breaking(depicted by FES)and macroscopic properties of many-body systems in arbitrary dimensions.Our work lays the groundwork for using FES to explore quantum criticality and other novel many-body phenomena in strongly correlated quantum systems.

Xibo Zhang;Yang-Yang Chen;Longxiang Liu;Youjin Deng;Xiwen Guan

International Center for Quantum Materials,School of Physics,Peking University,Beijing 100871,China;Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter,Beijing 100871,China;Beiijing Academy of Quantum Information Sciences,Beijing 100193,China;State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics,Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics,Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Wuhan 430071,China;Institute of Modern Physics,Northwest University,Xi'an 710127,China;Chinese Academy of Sciences Center for Excellence in Quantum Information and Quantum Physics,University of Science and Technology of China,Hefei 230326,China;MinJiang Collaborative Center for Theoretical Physics,College of Physics and Electronic Information Engineering,Minjiang University,Fuzhou 350108,China;Department of Theoretical Physics,Research School of Physics and Engineering,Australian National University,Canberra ACT 0200,Australia

国家科学评论（英文版）

[1]Xibo Zhang;Yang-Yang Chen;Longxiang Liu;Youjin Deng;Xiwen Guan-.Interaction-induced particle-hole symmetry breaking and fractional exclusion statistics)[J].国家科学评论（英文版）,2022(12):198-204

fermionization

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