The primary motivation for studying how irradiation modifies the structures and properties of solid ma-terials involves the understanding of undesirable phenomena,including irradiation-induced degradation of components in nuclear reactors and space exploration,and beneficial applications,including mate-rial performance tailoring through ion beam modification and defect engineering.In this work,the for-mation mechanism of latent tracks with different damage morphologies in LiNbO3 crystals under 0.09-6.17 MeV/u ion irradiation with an electronic energy loss from 2.6-13.2 keV/nm is analyzed by exper-imental characterizations and numerical calculations.Irradiation-induced damage is preliminarily eval-uated via the prism coupling technique to analyze the correlation between the dark-mode spectra and energy loss profiles of irradiated regions.Under the irradiation conditions of different ion velocities and electronic energy losses,different damage morphologies,from individual spherical defects to discontin-uous and continuous tracks,are experimentally characterized.During ion penetration process,the ion velocity determines the spatiotemporal distribution of deposited irradiation energy induced by electronic energy loss,meaning that the two essential factors including electronic energy loss and ion velocity co-affect the track damage.The inelastic thermal spike model is used to numerically calculate the spa-tiotemporal evolutions of energy deposition and the corresponding atomic temperature under different irradiation conditions,and a quantitative relationship is proposed by comparison with corresponding ex-perimentally observed track damage morphologies.The obtained quantitative relationship between irra-diation conditions and track damage provides deep insight and guidance for understanding the damage behavior of crystal materials in extreme radiation environments and selecting irradiation parameters,in-cluding ion species and energies,for ion beam technique application in atomic-level defect manipulation,material modification,and micro/nanofabrication.

Xinqing Han;Qing Huang;Miguel L.Crespillo;Eva Zarkadoula;Yong Liu;Xuelin Wang;Peng Liu

Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science and Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Particle Irradiation(MOE),Shandong University,Qingdao 266237,China;Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences(CAS),Shanghai 201800 China;Centro de Micro-Análisis de Materiales(CMAM),Universidad Autónoma de Madrid,Madrid E-28049,Spain;Materials Science&Technology Division,Oak Ridge National Laboratory,Oak Ridge,Tennessee 37831,USA

材料科学技术（英文版）

[1]Xinqing Han;Qing Huang;Miguel L.Crespillo;Eva Zarkadoula;Yong Liu;Xuelin Wang;Peng Liu-.Electronic energy loss and ion velocity correlation effects in track production in swift-ion-irradiated LiNbO3:A quantitative assessment between structural damage morphology and energy deposition)[J].材料科学技术（英文版）,2022(21):30-40

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