Heterosis, the phenomenon in which hybrids outperform their parents, has been utilized in maize (Zea mays L.) for over 100 years. To provide a more complete understanding of heterosis, we collected a com-prehensive transcriptome and translatome dataset on seedling leaves for B73, Mo17, and their F1 hybrid, which provided a dynamic landscape of transcriptomic and translatomic variation in maize. Although additivity accounted for a large proportion of variation at two omics-levels, an elevated nonadditive effect was observed in the translatome, especially in the translated subgenome maize1 genes, and the genes that switched from additivity in the transcriptome to nonadditivity in the translatome were signif-icantly enriched in the subgenome maize1. Many genes with allele-specific expression and translation show dramatic regulatory switches between the transcriptome and translatome, and partial genes with allele-specific translation underlying regulatory mechanism also exhibited subgenome bias. Interestingly, we found the translated isoforms show different expression patterns compared with transcriptome and more genes changed their dominant isoforms during the genetic flow from parents to the hybrid at the translatome level. The translated genes with switched dominant isoforms significantly biased to the sub-genome maize2 while genes with conserved dominant isoforms significantly enriched in subgenome maize1. Together, the dynamic changed patterns in translatome across hybrid and parental lines show translational fractionation of the maize subgenomes, which may be associated with heterosis in maize and provides a potential theoretical basis for breeding.

Wanchao Zhu;Sijia Chen;Tifu Zhang;Jia Qian;Zi Luo;Han Zhao;Yirong Zhang;Lin Li

National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement,Huazhong Agricultural University,Wuhan 430070,Hubei,China;Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Agrobiology,Institute of Germplasm Resources and Biotechnology,Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Nanjing 210014,Jiangsu,China;Key Laboratory of Crop Heterosis and Utilization(MOE)and State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology,Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement(MOA),Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement,China Agricultural University,Beijing 100193,China

作物学报（英文版）

[1]Wanchao Zhu;Sijia Chen;Tifu Zhang;Jia Qian;Zi Luo;Han Zhao;Yirong Zhang;Lin Li-.Dynamic patterns of the translatome in a hybrid triplet show translational fractionation of the maize subgenomes)[J].作物学报（英文版）,2022(01):36-46

translatome,subgenomes,translatomic,additivity,nonadditive,subgenome,maize1,nonadditivity,maize2

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