Yifei DAI;Bin WANG;Weiyi SUN-Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education,and Earth System Modeling Center,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;International Pacific Research Center,University of Hawaii at Manoa,Honolulu,HI 96822,USA;Department of Atmospheric Sciences,School of Ocean and Earth Science and Technology,University of Hawaii at Manoa,Honolulu,HI 96822,USA;Key Laboratory for Virtual Geographic Environment.Ministry of Education,State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Geographical Environment Evolution of Jiangsu Province,Jiangsu Center for Collaborative Innovation in Geographical Information Resource Development and Application,School of Geography Science,Nanjing Normal University,Nanjing 210023,China

Jianping LI;Tiejun XIE;Xinxin TANG;Hao WANG;Cheng SUN;Juan FENG;Fei ZHENG;Ruiqiang DING-Frontiers Science Center for Deep Ocean Multispheres and Earth System-Key Laboratory of Physical Oceanography-Institute for Advanced Ocean Studies-Academy of the Future Ocean,Ocean University of China,Qingdao 266100,China;Laboratory for Ocean Dynamics and Climate,Pilot Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology,Qingdao 266237,China;College of Global Change and Earth System Sciences,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China;State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics,Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;State Key Laboratory of Earth Surface Processes and Resource Ecology,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China

Jintao ZHANG;Qinglong YOU;Fangying WU;Ziyi CAI;Nick PEPIN-Institute of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences,Fudan University,Shanghai 200438,China;Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences,China Meteorological Administration,Beijing 100081,China;Innovation Center of Ocean and Atmosphere System,Zhuhai Fudan Innovation Research Institute,Zhuhai 518057,China;CMA-FDU Joint Laboratory of Marine Meteorology,Shanghai 200438,China;School of Environment,Geography,and Geosciences,University of Portsmouth,Portsmouth PO13HE,U.K

Chunlin HUANG;Hongrong SHI;Ling GAO;Mengqi LIU;Qixiang CHEN;Disong FU;Shu WANG;Yuan YUAN;Xiang'ao XIA-Key Laboratory of Aerospace Thermophysics,Ministry of Industry and Information Technology,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150001,China;Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation,Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;Key Laboratory of Cloud-Precipitation Physics and Severe Storms,Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;National Satellite Meteorological Center,China Meteorological Administration,Beijing 100192,China;Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Sounding,Chengdu University of Information Technology,Chengdu 610225,China;State Key Laboratory of Operation and Control of Rene wable Energy&Storage Systems,China Electric Po wer Research Institute(CEPRI),Beijing 100192,China;Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters,Nanjing University ofInformation Science&Technology,Nanjing 210044,China

Sihong ZHU;Liang FENG;Yi LIU;Jing WANG;Dongxu YANG-Carbon Neutrality Research Center,Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;National Centre for Earth Observation,University of Edinburgh,Edinburgh,EH9 3FF,UK;University of Edinburgh,Edinburgh,EH9 3FF,UK

Dongxiao WANG;Guojing LI;Lian SHEN;Yeqiang SHU-State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography,South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences,Guangzhou 510301,China;Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory(Guangzhou),Guangzhou 510301,China;Department of Mechanical Engineering and St.Anthony Falls Laboratory, University of Minnesota,Minneapolis,Minnesota 55455,USA

Chen ZHOU;Yincheng LIU;Quan WANG-School of Atmospheric Sciences,Nanjing University,Nanjing 210093,China

Min ZHAO;Tie DAI;Hao WANG;Qing BAO;Yimin LIU;Hua ZHANG;Guangyu SHI-State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics,Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;International Center for Climate and Environment Science,Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather,Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences,Beijing 100081,China

Mengqi LIU;Jinqiang ZHANG;Hongrong SHI;Disong FU;Xiang'ao XIA-Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Sounding,Chengdu University of Information Technology,Chengdu 610225,China;Key Laboratory of Middle Atmosphere and Global Environment Observation,Institute of Atmospheric Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100029,China;Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters,Nanjing University of Information Science&Technology,Nanjing 210044,China

Xingyu Wang;Dongliang Gong;Bo Liu;Xiaoyan Ma;Jinyu Zhao;Pengyu Wang;Yutao Sheng;Jing Guo;Liling Sun;Wen Zhang;Xinchun Lai;Shiyong Tan;Yi-feng Yang;Shiliang Li-Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics,Institute of Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;School of Physical Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory,Dongguan 523808,China;State Key Laboratory of Environment-friendly Energy Materials,Southwest University of Science and Technology,Mianyang 621010,China;Science and Technology on Surface Physics and Chemistry Laboratory,Mianyang 621908,China

LIANG Longwu;CHEN Mingxing;LU Dadao-Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Key Laboratory of Regional Sustainable Development Modeling,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;College of Re-sources and Environment,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China

LI Kaifang;CAO Liguo;ZHOU Zhengchao;JIAO Lei;WANG Ning;LIU Ruohan-School of Geography and Tourism,Shaanxi Normal University,Xi'an 710119,China;School of Urban and Rural Planning and Architectural Engineering,Shangluo University,Shangluo 726000,China

XU Cong;LIU Wenjun;ZHAO Dan;HAO Yanbin;XIA Anquan;YAN Nana;ZENG Yuan-State Key Laboratory of Remote Sensing Science,Aerospace Information Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;School of Ecology and Environmental Sci-ences&Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments,Yunnan University,Kun-ming 650091,China;College of Life Sciences,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100101,China;Beijing Yanshan Earth Critical Zone National Research Station,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 101408,China;College of Resources and Envir-onment,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China

GONG Shaoqi;CHEN Wenqian;ZHANG Cunjie;YAN Qingyun;YANG Hong-School of Remote Sensing and Geomatics Engineering,Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology,Nanjing 210044,China;National Climate Center,China Meteorological Administration,Beijing 100081,China;Department of Geography and Environment Science,University of Reading,Reading RG6 6AB,UK

FAN Yanan;DU Hongxiu;WEI Hong;ZHAO Teng-College of Civil Engineering,Taiyuan University of Technology,Taiyuan 030024,China

Jia-Yao Wang;Yonq-Jin Li;Ji-Chun You;Feng-Gang Bian-Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai201800,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;College of Material,Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology,Ministry of Education,Hangzhou Normal University,Hangzhou 311121,China;Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility,Shanghai Advanced Research Institute,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Shanghai201204,China

Na Li;Baoyan Duan;Xiangyang Li;Bin Zheng;Jiang Wu-Key Laboratory of Electronic Equipment Structure Design,Ministry of Education,Xidian University,Xi'an 710061,China

Ke Gui;Huizheng Che;Lei Li;Yu Zheng;Lei Zhang;Hujia Zhao;Junting Zhong;Wenrui Yao;Yuanxin Liang;Yaqiang Wang;Xiaoye Zhang-State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather&Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry of China Meteorological Administration,Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences,Beijing 100081,China;Institute of Atmospheric Environment,China Meteorological Administration,Shenyang 110166,China

Xiaobin Tang;Tiecheng Guo;Haiqing Chang;Xiao Yue;Jinlong Wang;Haikuan Yu;Binghan Xie;Xuewu Zhu;Guibai Li;Heng Liang-State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment(SKLUWRE),School of Environment,Harbin Institute of Technology,Harbin 150090,China;College of Architecture and Environment,Sichuan University,Chengdu 610207,China;College of Architecture and Civil Engineering,Beijing University of Technology,Beijing 100124,China;School of Marine Science and Technology,Harbin Institute of Technology at Weihai,Weihai 264209,China

Cong Wu;Xiao-Ping Zhang;Michael Sterling-Department of Energy Strategy and Planning,State Grid Energy Research Institute,Beijing,China;Department of Electronic,Electrical and Systems Engineering,School of Engineering,University of Birmingham,Birmingham B15 2TT,U.K.